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Radians & Sine Graphs

Degrees are for protractors. Radians measure an angle by how far you've walked around the circle — and once you use them, the sine graph and all its transformations snap into place. For senior high school.

A radian is a distance

Walk around a circle of radius 1. The distance you've travelled along the rim is your angle in radians. A full lap is the full circumference, 2π ≈ 6.28 — so half a lap is π, a quarter lap is π/2, and the protractor's 60° becomes π/3.

180° = π rad   ·   90° = π/2   ·   60° = π/3   ·   45° = π/4   ·   30° = π/6

Spin the circle, shape the wave 🟢

The three dials on a sine wave

A — amplitude, B — period

A is the circle's radius: taller circle, taller wave. B spins the circle faster, so the wave repeats every 2π/B — that's the period. Set B = 2 and watch two full waves fit where one used to.

C — phase shift

C slides the whole wave sideways — the circle simply starts its lap late (or early). Like every "inside the brackets" number, it works backwards: x − π/6 moves the wave right by π/6.

These are the same four dials as the Function Transformer — sin x is just another parent function. What radians buy you: the period formula 2π/B only works because angle and distance are the same thing.

Start from the beginning at Sin, Cos & Tan, or see why sin²+cos²=1 in the Identities explorer. Back to the Trigonometry hub.